Amid the chaos of that day, one
figure often overlooked emerges: Isaiah Dorman, the only African American
killed in the battle. As a skilled interpreter for the U.S. Army, Dorman's life
bridged worlds—Black, White, and Native.
His death encapsulated the brutal ironies of the Indian Wars.
Isaiah Dorman's early life remains
shrouded in mystery. Born around 1832 in Pennsylvania, he was likely freeborn,
with a father of African-Jamaican descent and a mother of mixed African and Native
American heritage. By the 1850s, Dorman was in the Dakota Territory working as
a trapper, trader, and laborer. He married Celeste St. Pierre, a young woman
from the Santee Sioux band led by Inkpaduta, and integrated deeply into Native
life. Dorman was described as a large, dark-skinned man. There are no
authenticated surviving photographs of Dorman
In spring 1876, Dorman joined
Custer's 7th Cavalry expedition against the Lakota and Cheyenne, hired as a
civilian Sioux interpreter at a premium rate due to his expertise and connections,
including friendships with figures like Chief Sitting Bull. The campaign aimed
to force non-reservation tribes onto designated lands amid gold rush tensions
in the Black Hills. Departing from Fort Abraham Lincoln, the force marched
toward the Little Bighorn River, unaware of the massive Native encampment
ahead—estimated at 7,000 people, including 1,500-2,000 warriors.
On June 25, 1876 when Custer divided
his 600 men into battalions, Dorman rode with Major Marcus Reno's detachment of
about 140 troops, tasked with attacking the village from the south. As Reno's
men charged into the valley, they met fierce resistance from Lakota and
Cheyenne warriors. Reno ordered a retreat across the river to defensive bluffs,
but Dorman fell behind. Eyewitness Private Roman Rutten recalled seeing Dorman
on one knee, methodically firing a non-regulation sporting rifle at advancing
Indian warriors, shouting, "Goodbye, Rutten!" as the soldier galloped
past. An Indian account described: "We passed a black man in a soldier's
uniform... He turned on his horse and shot an Indian right through the heart.
Then the Indians fired... and riddled his horse with bullets. His horse fell
over on his back and the black man could not get up."
Accounts of his final moments vary
but paint a grim picture. One narrative claims Sitting Bull, recognizing his
old acquaintance, dismounted, offered water from a buffalo horn cup, and said,
"Don't kill that man, he is a friend of mine," before riding on.
However, many are skeptical of this story. Moving Robe Woman (Eagle Robe), shot
him in revenge for her brother's death, after which a group of Lakota women tortured
him with stone hammers and knives. His
body was mutilated—arrows embedded, slashes across the face and body, and a
16-by-2-inch strip of skin removed as a war trophy by his wife's niece, Iron
Antelope, later preserved in a North Dakota museum. Private William Slaper
described finding the corpse "with many arrows shot into his body and
head, badly cut and slashed." These acts reflected Native beliefs that
wounds would carry into the afterlife, punishing Dorman for siding with the
"bluecoats" against his adopted people.